Easwaran J Narassimhan

Visiting Fellow, Climate Policy

easwaran@sustainablefutures.org

Easwaran J Narassimhan is a Visiting Fellow of climate policy at the Sustainable Futures Collaborative (SFC) in New Delhi, India. He is also a visiting faculty member at the Climate Policy Lab, Fletcher School, Tufts University. Previously, Easwaran was a Fellow at the Centre for Policy Research (CPR) in New Delhi and a Research Fellow at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. At SFC, Easwaran focuses on energy technology innovation, green industrialization, and energy transition in emerging economies. He has also worked extensively on climate policy analysis, including studying market-based and non-market-based policy interventions worldwide and identifying policy mixes for low-carbon development in developing countries. Easwaran holds an MA and PhD in International Affairs from The Fletcher School, Tufts University.

Publications

Journal articles

Climate Policy

What Shapes Green Industrial Policy Objectives and Design? A Comparative Policy Analysis of Renewable Energy Auctions in India and South Africa

Easwaran J. Narassimhan

Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis | 29 May 2025

Governments are increasingly using green industrial policies to address socio-economic and environmental objectives in the energy transition. But why do countries with similar policy objectives implement different green industrial policy designs?

Journal articles

Climate Policy

Energy Transitions

Is net zero net positive? – Opportunities and challenges for pursuing a socio-economically sensitive net-zero transition for India

Easwaran Narassimhan, Tarun Gopalakrishnan et al.

Climate Policy Journal | 26 November 2024

Using a mixed methodology of expert elicitation and system dynamics modelling, this article examines the policy gap that needs to be bridged for India to realize its net zero by 2070 commitment. The study discusses a socio-economically sensitive policy mix that could set India on a trajectory to peak its emissions in a decade and zero out its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by mid-century, leaving about one gigaton of other greenhouse gases to be decarbonized by 2070 to meet India’s net-zero goal.

Journal articles

Climate Policy

Strategies for green industrial and innovation policy–an analysis of policy alignment, misalignment, and realignment around dominant designs in the EV sector

Easwaran J Narassimhan, Zdenka Myslikova et al.

Environmental Research Letters | 7 December 2023

This paper explores which combination of technology-push and demand-pull policies best situates a country to lead in clean energy innovation, as new or dominant designs emerge and replace older technologies. A new analytical framework for green industrial policy is applied to BEV drivetrain technology to examine the use of policy alignment and misalignment by countries with big automakers as they pursue strategic green industrial policy.

Opinions

Energy Transitions

India’s just energy transition is more than a coal story

Easwaran J Narassimhan, Ashwini K Swain et al.

The Hindu | 6 February 2023

India’s G-20 presidency is an opportunity for New Delhi to negotiate a deal for itself while also shaping international cooperation on just energy transitions.

Journal articles

Climate Policy

Carbon Pricing in the US: Examining State-Level Policy Support and Federal Resistance

Easwaran J Narassimhan, Stefan Koester et al.

Politics and Governance | 17 March 2022

Federal carbon pricing in the US suffers from the lack of any natural and/or consistent constituency to support it through policy development, legislation, and implementation. While interest group politics have been mitigated by good policy entrepreneurship at the subnational level, the lack of policy entrepreneurship and the changing positions of competing interest groups have kept a federal carbon pricing policy from becoming a reality.

Journal articles

Climate Policy

From fossil to low carbon: The evolution of global public energy innovation

Fang Zhang, Kelly Sims Gallagher et al.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change | 17 August 2021

Global government energy RD&D investments between 2000-2018 are decarbonizing. Nuclear has held steady, fossil fuels have decreased, and clean energy has increased. China and India have now joined the United States and Japan in the ranks of the top four countries overall.

Climate Policy

Green Industrial Policy: A Delicate Dance between Socio-Economic and Environmental Objectives

Easwaran J Narassimhan

Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy | 1 April 2021

The central purpose of this dissertation is to examine how countries at different stages of economic development address socio-economic objectives through green industrial policies, focusing mainly on the employment implications of their policies. The dissertation draws on interviews with more than 100 experts in China, India, South Africa, and Ethiopia to analyze the employment implications of specific green industrial policy strategies, policy choices, and policy design and the role of government in managing the same.

Journal articles

Energy Transitions

Banking on coal? Drivers of demand for Chinese overseas investments in coal in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia and Vietnam

Kelly Sims Gallagher, Rishikesh Bhandary et al.

Energy Research & Social Science | 14 January 2021

This paper investigates why new coal-fired power plants are being financed and built in South and Southeast Asia given that new coal plants without carbon capture and storage are incompatible with a 1.5 °C temperature goal. The paper particularly focuses on developing countries where these coal-fired power plants are being built that are recipients of Chinese government-backed finance.

Journal articles

Climate Policy

Experience with carbon taxes and greenhouse gas emissions trading systems

Erik Haites, Duan Maosheng et al.

Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum | 26 July 2018

Carbon taxes and emissions trading systems (ETSs) to limit emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are increasingly common. At the end of 2015, 17 GHG ETSs were operational in 55 jurisdictions, and 18 jurisdictions collected at least one carbon tax. This paper assesses the performance of carbon taxes and ETSs with respect to environmental effectiveness (reduction of emissions regulated by the instrument), cost-effectiveness (marginal abatement cost), economic efficiency, public finance, and administrative issues.

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