Adaptation and Resilience

Adaptation
and Resilience

SFC Perspectives

Building systems that allow India to adapt to multiple and increasingly severe climate impacts

India’s development hinges on managing a range of intensifying climate impacts: extreme heat, an eroding coastline, melting glaciers, and urban flooding, among others. These threats will impose upon the lives of an already vulnerable population by diminishing their incomes, increasing healthcare costs, and stifling intergenerational progress. We aim to help forestall these effects by improving governance systems that create and implement climate adaptation policies.

Our current research seeks to improve resilience to extreme heat and coastal erosion by identifying gaps in policy structures and local implementation. We work with sub-national partners to improve policy implementation. We study under-researched systemic levers such as how India’s federal structure can be improved to respond to growing climate impacts, integrating locally-relevant climate science into decision-making processes, and assessing the long-term social consequences of increasingly severe climate events.

Our publications

This also includes publications by SFC team members in their past capacities.

India’s coastal risks no longer arrive in isolation

Sony R K

Deccan Herald | 13 June 2026

Policy must approach coastal hazards as interlinked risks, not disconnected events, to build lasting resilience.

Read more

What is the Health Agenda for Climate Adaptation?

Bhargav Krishna, Nitya Mohan Khemka, and Purvi Patel

The India Forum | 10 June 2026

The climate crisis is also a heath crisis, yet India’s strategy has been more to manage the immediate impact rather than shielding its most vulnerable populations from climate destabilisation.

Read more

When Mangroves Do What Seawalls Cannot

Jui Gusani and Sony R K

The Hindu | 5 June 2026

India’s coastline relies on seawalls and embankments, while ecosystem-based adaptation through mangroves, seagrasses, and coral reefs continues to reduce climate risks

Read more

Books and book chapters

Adaptation and Resilience

Heat Action Plans: A Cautionary Note and a Way Forward

Aditya Valiathan Pillai

The Salata Institute for Climate and Sustainability | 21 April 2026

At present, heat action plans are written to be comprehensive rather than implementable. A focus on incentives and implementation—while remaining uncompromising on the determination of thresholds, vulnerability assessments and the specificity of solutions—is a productive way forward. We are yet to see plans that manage this balancing act. An example of how to solve this dilemma could help speed the rollout of heat protections as the climate warms.

Books and book chapters

Adaptation and Resilience

How Hot Is Too Hot?

Robert Douglas Meade, Aditya Valiathan Pillai, and Satchit Balsari

The Salata Institute for Climate and Sustainability | 21 April 2026

Key questions remain unanswered about the thresholds that define dangerous heat and the evidence supporting interventions to mitigate its health impacts. These underscore the need to build evidence-based and contextually grounded protections for India and the rest of the world. This requires expanding beyond laboratory studies and models to include community-informed research linking physiological and epidemiological data with the lived realities of those at greatest risk.

Books and book chapters

Adaptation and Resilience

What is the Health Agenda for Climate Adaptation?

Nitya Mohan Khemka and Bhargav Krishna

The Salata Institute for Climate and Sustainability | 21 April 2026

Without urgent investments in adaptation, escalating heat and climate impacts will outpace the capacity of India’s health infrastructure and workforce, deepening inequities across regions and populations. To frame a credible health agenda for climate adaptation, we first need to understand the limits of what we know, and why our data systems fail to capture the true scale of climate-related health impacts.

Issue Briefs

Adaptation and Resilience

Strengthening Coastal Resilience in India: A Multi-Hazard Approach to Adaptation Governance

Sony R K and Escandita Tewari

31 March 2026

Interactions between acute coastal hazards such as cyclones and storm surges, and chronic coastal hazards such as sea-level rise, amplify impacts across social and ecological systems. A continued reliance on single-hazard planning can result in blind spots and maladaptation. We explore why strengthening coastal resilience in India requires moving beyond this reliance and adopting a multi-hazard approach to adaptation that integrates our understanding of interacting coastal hazards.

Opinions

Adaptation and Resilience

Forest finance and the challenges money cannot fix

Ishan Kukreti

Mongabay India | 24 December 2025

Forest finance remains low, largely dependent on public funds, and flowing mainly to richer countries, even as deforestation pressures are highest in tropical regions. Brazil has proposed a new forest financing mechanism, the Tropical Forest Forever Facility, which aims to support standing natural forests for climate mitigation, an approach different from existing mechanisms. However, without addressing equity, weak monitoring systems, and outdated forest definitions, the initiative may fall short of delivering meaningful change.

Opinions

Adaptation and Resilience

Labour, Nature and Capitalism: Exploring Labour-Environmental Conflicts in Kerala, India by Silpa Satheesh (2025): A Review

Sony R K

Doing Sociology | 22 September 2025

Silpa Satheesh’s book, ‘Labour, Nature, and Capitalism: Exploring Labour – Environmental Conflicts in Kerala, India’ makes a significant contribution to understanding how environmental conflicts unfold in contexts marked by economic precarity and institutional complicity. It offers a nuanced perspective from the Global South on how material interests, ideological alignments, institutional power, and contested understandings of nature shape ecological struggles.

Opinions

Adaptation and Resilience

Visualising the Heat Crisis: A Guide for Nonprofits

Sonali Verma

India Development Review | 31 July 2025

To respond effectively to extreme heat, we need to stop depicting it as an abstract or invisible threat. Here are tools for practitioners and communicators to visually convey its true scale and interconnected impacts.

Blogs

Adaptation and Resilience

Hot Takes, Cold Action: How Heat is Misplaced Within India’s Bureaucracy

Escandita Tewari

4 July 2025

Heatwaves are now one of India’s deadliest natural hazards, yet their true impact is frequently masked by bureaucratic oversight and a fundamental misunderstanding of the threat. This piece delves into why extreme heat remains misplaced in Indian governance, and argues for a paradigm shift to safeguard our future.

Opinions

Adaptation and Resilience

Heatwaves are coming. Can India handle it?

Aditya Valiathan Pillai, Tamanna Dalal, Ishan Kukreti

The Indian Express | 25 March 2025

The risks of the future are likely to be so severe, frequent and interconnected that they will require proactively identifying and tackling risk, girding the system for a state of permanent tumult, and relying on all-of-government coordination. The governance of extreme heat seems to be in that process of transition with commonly seen short-term actions across multiple departments, but limited preparation for the future.

Show more

Team members

Aditi Ghosh

Research Associate, Adaptation and Resilience

Aditya Valiathan Pillai

Visiting Fellow,
Adaptation and Resilience

Anna Agarwal

Fellow, Adaptation and Resilience

Escandita Tewari

Research Associate, Adaptation and Resilience

Ishan Kukreti

Programme Lead, Adaptation and Resilience

Mukta Naik

Fellow, Adaptation and Resilience

Purvi Patel

Visiting Associate Fellow, Adaptation and Resilience

Sony RK

Associate Fellow, Adaptation and Resilience

Tamanna Dalal

Senior Research Associate, Adaptation and Resilience