Climate Policy

Climate Policy

SFC Perspectives

Embedding a development-centric climate-ready approach to policymaking

India can currently pursue a range of development pathways while addressing the challenges presented by climate change. In its choices, it must prioritise low-carbon development while ensuring equitable growth in employment, incomes, and quality of life. We approach the climate challenge from the lens of aligning climate policies with India’s development goals, and recognising the synergies and trade-offs inherent in policy choices. Through this, we aim to inform the design of a development-centric, climate-ready state.

We focus on three key steps of policy planning, design, and implementation at both, the national and subnational levels. First, we work to improve the use of emissions-economy models to enhance capacity to envision low-carbon development pathways. Second, we employ green industrial policy as a strategic approach to integrated policymaking. Third, we explore designs for a more suitable architecture of climate finance to enable these pathways and policies.

Our publications

This also includes publications by SFC team members in their past capacities.

India’s Energy Storage RD&D Bet: Why Batteries Dominate, and What That Means for the Future 

Kashmeera Patel, Aman Srivastava, and Easwaran J Narassimhan

3 March 2026

As India moves toward 500 GW of non-fossil capacity, energy storage will be central to grid stability. Our review of India’s public storage RD&D portfolio reveals a strong bet on batteries. But what does this concentration mean for long-term system flexibility and innovation diversity?

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From Budget Announcements to Outcomes: Why Instrument Choice and Design Will Decide What Scales

Nikita Shukla, Aman Srivastava, and Easwaran J Narassimhan

23 February 2026

Union Budget announcements signal which technologies the government wants to scale up. Whether they actually scale depends on choosing the right policy instruments and designing them to remove the key bottleneck at each stage of diffusion. Using a five-stage diffusion framework, this blog explains why early alignment improves the chances of faster diffusion and more durable outcomes.

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India’s Green Hydrogen Push: Engineering for Today or Innovating for Tomorrow?

Kashmeera Patel, Aman Srivastava, and Easwaran J Narassimhan

17 December 2025

Where is India’s hydrogen R&D concentrated, what gaps persist, and which strategic choices will shape whether India competes primarily on cost or on technology leadership

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Opinions

Climate Policy

Avoiding the Climate “Ambition Trap”

Navroz K Dubash

Science Magazine | 14 November 2025

Assessing climate ambition based on what a country says, rather than what it does or is likely to do, is a problem for at least three reasons: ambition is normatively loaded and hard to compare across countries; there’s little evidence of a clear link between ambition of pledges and what countries actually do; domestic political shifts, not global cooperation, have been a more effective driver of climate action.

Blogs

Climate Policy

30 Years of Climate Talks: How Have the COPs Fared and What Next?

Isha Sharma, Aman Srivastava and Nikita Shukla

4 November 2025

Global discourse on climate change has been moulded by multilateral negotiations through the annual Conferences of the Parties (COPs). This commentary traces the evolution of climate multilateralism, examines where it falls short of expectations, and discusses how it can address its shortcomings to build a more effective ambition and implementation agenda.

Opinions

Climate Policy

Who Owns Tomorrow’s Emissions?

Aman Srivastava and Nikita Shukla

The Wire | 24 October 2025

Climate finance discussions should recognise future emissions are attributable to developed countries.

Blogs

Climate Policy

India’s Solar Crossroads: Borrowing Innovation or Building Its Own?

Kashmeera Patel, Aman Srivastava and Easwaran J Narassimhan

29 September 2025

Behind the 100 GW milestone lies a structural vulnerability: India’s solar research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) base is still evolving and leans heavily on imports, leaving the country exposed to supply-chain shocks and sovereignty risks. We map India’s public solar RD&D landscape and analyse whether the country should align with global trajectories or carve out its own leadership.

Journal articles

Climate Policy

Researching Climate Policy in Uncertain Times

Climate Policy Journal | 19 August 2025

Climate policy is now a more multi-stranded and complex area of inquiry than ever before. In these uncertain times for climate action and climate cooperation, attention to broader questions is necessary to deepen understanding and work toward a truly effective response to climate change. What sorts of questions and analysis might be of continued, and even enhanced, relevance for analysis in Climate Policy?

Issue Briefs

Climate Policy

What Does Net-Zero Mean? Defining Goals Aligned With National Contexts

Nikita Shukla, Aman Srivastava, and Easwaran J. Narassimhan

21 July 2025

This issue brief outlines key considerations that can help shape a comprehensive definition of net-zero emissions for India, not by prescribing implementation strategies, but by deconstructing net-zero targets by their constituent elements necessary for clarity, comparability, and accountability.

Blogs

Climate Policy

One Lakh Crore for Innovation: Getting Strategic About Clean Energy R&D

Kashmeera Patel, Aman Srivastava, and Easwaran J Narassimhan

11 July 2025

The blog examines the Union Cabinet’s recent approval of the ₹1 lakh crore Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme through the lens of what it could mean for India’s clean energy innovation landscape and green industrial policy.

Opinions

Climate Policy

The Climate Challenge as a Development Opportunity

Navroz K Dubash

Project Syndicate | 30 May 2025

Even if policymakers in developing countries see little value in pursuing large emissions reductions at the pace that climate advocates would like, climate-aligned development is still the best path forward. The key, both politically and economically, is to reframe the issue.

Journal articles

Climate Policy

What Shapes Green Industrial Policy Objectives and Design? A Comparative Policy Analysis of Renewable Energy Auctions in India and South Africa

Easwaran J. Narassimhan

Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis | 29 May 2025

Governments are increasingly using green industrial policies to address socio-economic and environmental objectives in the energy transition. But why do countries with similar policy objectives implement different green industrial policy designs?

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Team members

Aman Srivastava

Fellow and Coordinator, Climate Policy

Navroz K Dubash

Visiting Senior Fellow and Chair of Advisory Council

Easwaran J Narassimhan

Visiting Fellow, Climate Policy

Neha Miriam Kurian

Associate Fellow, Climate Policy

Isha Sharma

Research Lead, Climate Policy

Kashmeera Patel

Senior Research Associate, Climate Policy

Nikita Shukla

Research Associate, Climate Policy

Soutrik Goswami

Research Associate, Climate Policy