Opinions

Climate Policy

While the withdrawal was quiet, the decision itself speaks volumes about India’s shifting climate priorities.

Blogs

Climate Policy

India’s updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets a 47% reduction in emissions intensity by 2035. However, available evidence suggests that India had already achieved a 38% reduction by 2020 and may have surpassed the 47% threshold by 2024, before the target period begins.

Journal articles

Climate Policy

Justice-centred climate mitigation strategies must ensure that LMICs do not miss an opportunity to realise transformative reductions in air pollution.

Blogs

Climate Policy

As India moves toward 500 GW of non-fossil capacity, energy storage will be central to grid stability. Our review of India’s public storage RD&D portfolio reveals a strong bet on batteries. But what does this concentration mean for long-term system flexibility and innovation diversity?

Blogs

Climate Policy

Union Budget announcements signal which technologies the government wants to scale up. Whether they actually scale depends on choosing the right policy instruments and designing them to remove the key bottleneck at each stage of diffusion. Using a five-stage diffusion framework, this blog explains why early alignment improves the chances of faster diffusion and more durable outcomes.

Opinions

Climate Policy

India is rapidly expanding its artificial intelligence infrastructure, from semiconductor manufacturing partnerships like the Tata PSMC project to a projected 9GW data centre capacity by 2030. This AI-led growth brings significant environmental challenges, including high water and energy use, increased e-waste, and weak regulatory oversight. Can India achieve digital leadership without worsening environmental vulnerabilities?

Blogs

Climate Policy

India has committed heavily to scaling green hydrogen, but what does its public R&D portfolio reveal about its innovation strategy? Drawing on a review of nearly 250 publicly funded projects, this piece examines where India’s hydrogen R&D is concentrated, where gaps persist, and the strategic choices shaping whether India competes primarily on cost or on technology leadership.

Opinions

Climate Policy

Assessing climate ambition based on what a country says, rather than what it does or is likely to do, is a problem for at least three reasons: ambition is normatively loaded and hard to compare across countries; there’s little evidence of a clear link between ambition of pledges and what countries actually do; domestic political shifts, not global cooperation, have been a more effective driver of climate action.

Blogs

Climate Policy

Global discourse on climate change has been moulded by multilateral negotiations through the annual Conferences of the Parties (COPs). This commentary traces the evolution of climate multilateralism, examines where it falls short of expectations, and discusses how it can address its shortcomings to build a more effective ambition and implementation agenda.